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Journal/NDM48 2013 eng
New Data on Minerals. Volume 48, 2013. 162 pages, 128 photos, drawings and schemes.
Содержание
- 1 Summary
- 2 Editorial Board
- 3 Publishing group
- 4 Сontent
- 4.1 New Minerals and Their Varieties, New Finds of Rare Minerals, Mineral Paragenesis
- 4.2 Crystal Chemistry, Minerals as Prototypes of New Materials, Physical and Chemical Properties of Minerals
- 4.3 On the 150th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Vernadsky
- 4.4 Mineralogical Museums and Collections
- 4.5 Mineralogical Notes
Summary
This volume contains description of laptevite-(Ce), a new vicanite group mineral found in the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, rare minerals of the baratovite-katayamalite solid solution from the Khodzha-Achkan alkaline massif in Kirgizia, listvenite-like phlogopite-magnesite gumbeites of the Berezovsky gold deposit in the Urals, polycrystalline diamond aggregates from the Lomonosov deposit in the Arkhangelsk diamond province, and gypsum segregations from the bottom of the Okhotsk and Japan Seas. The results of fine investigation of trace elements in the crystal structure of molybdenite and experimental modeling of Pt and Pd sulfide crystallization during cooling
in the central part of the Cu-Fe-S system are given.
Separate section is devoted to 150th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Vernadsky. It contains papers about geochemical mineralogy of V.I. Vernadsky, his activity in nuclear power, and mineralogical taxonomies suggested by
V.I. Vernadsky, J.D. Dana, A.G. Betekhtin, I.N. Kostov, G.P. Barsanov, and A.A. Godovikov.
In the section Mineralogical Museums and Collections, the first information on products of Chinese stone-cut art
in the collection of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, brief historical review of the
collection of diamond crystals of the same museum, and detail information on the new acquisitions in the museum
in 2011–2012 are given.
Mineralogical Notes are represented by brief paper about findings of giant minerals in the South Urals.
This journal is of interest for mineralogists, geochemists, geologists, staff of natural history museums, collectors, and rocks aficionados.
Editorial Board
Editor in Chief: V.K. Garanin - Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Professor
Executive Editor: E.A. Borisova - Ph.D.of Geology and Mineralogy
Members of Editorial Board:
M.I. Novgorodova - Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy, Professor
B.Ye. Borutzky - Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy
E.I. Semenov - Doctor of Geology and Mineralogy
S.N. Nenasheva - Ph.D.of Geology and Mineralogy
E.N. Matvienko - Ph.D.of Geology and Mineralogy
M.B. Chistyakova - Ph.D.of Geology and Mineralogy
M.E. Generalov - Ph.D.of Geology and Mineralogy
L.А. Pautov - Senior Researcher
Publishing group
Photo - M.B. Leybov
Leader of Publishing group - M.B. Leybov
Managing Editor - L.A. Cheshko
Editor - A.L. Cheshko
Design and Layout - I.A. Glazov
Translators - I. Anisimov, I.A. Baksheev, V. Karpenko, A.S. Yakubchuk
Editors (English Style) - Dr. Peter Modreski and Dr. Edward Rosenzweig
You can order the current issue or subscribe to the magazine at www.minbook.com or by email minbooks@online.ru
Сontent
New Minerals and Their Varieties, New Finds of Rare Minerals, Mineral Paragenesis
Laptevite-(Ce) NaFe2+(REE7Ca5Y3)(SiO4)4(Si3B2PO18)(BO3)F11–new mineral of the vicanite group from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan, p. 5 - 11
Laptevite-(Ce) is a new mineral of the vicanite group. It was found in a calcite-bafertisite-aegirine-microcline rock in association with stillwellite-(Ce), calcibeborosilite-(Y), fluorite, polylithionite and other minerals at the Darai-Pioz glacier moraine (Tajikistan). Color is dark-brown, in thin plates is transparent. Vitreous luster. It occurs as poorly formed crystals up to 1 cm in size. Mohs’ hardness 4.5–5. Dmeas.=4.61(2)g/cm3, Dcalc.=4.619 g/cm3. Optically uniaxial negative, no=1.741(3), ne=1.720(3). It is partially metamict. Crystal structure has been refined with R = 3.61%. Hexagonal symmetry, space group R3m, a=10.804(2)Å; b=10.804(2)Å; c=27.726(6)Å; V=2802.7(2)Å3, Z=3. Most intense X-ray powder data lines are as follows [d, (I), (hkl)]: 7.70 (19) (012); 4.41 (29) (202); 3.13 (26) (214); 3.03 (100) (027); 2.982 (85) (125); 2.954 (60) (033); 2.689 (40) (-240); 1.979 (31) (330); 1.770 (21) (-555). IR spectrum (strongest absorption bands, cm–1) 1623, 1437, 1300, 945, 930, 877, 758, 637, 570, 531. Chemical composition (microprobe analysis, wt.%): SiO2 – 15.67, TiO2 – 0.28, ZrO2 – 0.01, ThO2 – 0.38, UO2– 0.65, FeO – 1.48, CaO –11.64, MnO – 1.02, SrO – 0.95, Y2O3 – 11.30, La2O3 – 14.51, Ce2O3 – 16.93, Pr2O3 – 2.76, Nd2O3 – 5.16, Sm2O3 – 0.98, Eu2O3 – 0.10, Gd2O3 – 1.56, Tb2O3 – 0.29, Dy2O3 – 1.37, Tm2O3 – 0.17, Yb2O3, – 0.28, B2O3 – 4.98, P2O5 – 1.51, Na2O – 1.05, F – 8.53, –O=F2 – 3.59, total – 100.46. The simplified formula is NaFe2+(REE7Ca5Y3) (SiO4)4(Si3B2PO18)(BO3)F11. The mineral is named in honor of Tatyana Mikhaylovna Lapteva (1928–2011), the Soviet geologist, petrographer, who made a major contribution to geological study of Central Asia. читать далее...
Baratovite-katayamalite minerals from the Hodzha-Achkan alcaline massif (Kirgizia), p. 12 - 36
The baratovite KLi3Ca7Ti2[Si6O18]2F2 – katayamalite KLi3Ca7Ti2[Si6O18]2(ОH)2 mineral series is found in pyroxene-feldspar fenites at the northern contact of the Hodzha-Achkan alkaline massif in Taldy-Bulak valley (a northern slope of the Alaysky ridge, Batkensky Region, Kyrgyzstan). The baratovite-containing rocks have a spotty, striate texture, consertal structure, and a changeable color index that is caused by uneven distribution of the main and minor minerals: hedenbergite – aegirine pyroxenes, microcline, albite, wollastonite, miserite (REE2O3 to 5.5 wt.%), calcite (SrO to 1.1 wt.%), quartz. Accessory minerals are: titanite, fluorite, andradite,zircon, turkestanite, ekanite, thorite, tadzhikite-(Ce), britholite group minerals, stillwellite-(Ce), datolite,bazzirite, gittinsite, fluorapatite, barite, galena, molybdenite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. Baratovite-katayamalite forms lamellar individes to 3 cm with a pinkish color. In short-wave UV-radiation the color is bluish-white. VHN microhardness = 670 (5–6 on the Mohs scale). Dmeas. = 2.92(2), Dcalc. = 2.91 g/cm3. Biaxial, optically positive, 2V from 70º to 90º, dispersion strong, r>v; ng=1.674(2), nm=1.671(3), np=1.666(3). IR spectrum (intensive bands, cm-1): 1082, 972, 695, 598, 570, 541, 521, 478, 448, 412. The X-ray powder data obtained by photomethod (Guinier camera), and diffractometry are given. Parameters of a cell (photomethod): a=16.93(1), b=9.742(5), c=20.92(2)Å, β=112.51(5)○, V=3187(5)A3. Chemical composition of baratovite/katayamalite (wt.%): SiO2 51.29/51.01; Al2O3 0.20/0.06; TiO2 8.87/7.97; ZrO2 2.22/3.71; Nb2O5 0.00/0.23; SnO2 1.01/1.87; Fe2O3 0.60/0.44; CaO 26.72/26.72; Li2O* 3.20/3.17; K2O 3.17/3.07; Na2O 0.15/0.23; F 1.75/0.94; H2O* 046/0.84; -O=F2 –0.73/–0.39; total 98.91/98.87 (* – calculated). Most analyses belong to the middle of series between baratovite and katayamalite (F 0.70–1.30 apfu, electron microprobe analysis). The described rocks are close to quartz-albite-aegirine with baratovite-miserite from the Darai-Pioz (Tajikistan), where there is a similar list of accessory minerals (tadzhikite-(Ce), turkestanite, stillwellite-(Ce), bazirite), but there are also some differences: at Hodzha-Achkan, andradite, ekanite, minerals of britholite group are found; pyroxenes are slightly less alkaline, and there are albite pertites in large microcline grains. This occurrence of baratovite is the second in the world¸ and katayamalite the third. читать далее...
Cogenetic zircon, monazite, xenotime, and fluorapatite from apopicritic phlogopite-magnesite gumbeites at the Berezovsky gold deposit, Urals, Russia, p. 37 - 55
Listvenite-like phlogopite-magnesite gumbeites, a new type of gumbeites at the Berezovsky gold deposit, Urals replaced deformed zinc chromite- and ilmenite-bearing variolitic picrite enriched in Ti, P, Ce, La, Nd, Y, U, Th, and Nb. This metasomatic rock is composed of Mn- and Ca-poor magnesite (Mg83–91Fe9–17), quartz, fluorphlogopite, potassium feldspar (K94–97Na3–6), albite (Na98.5Ca1K0.5), muscovite enriched in F, rutile, chlorite ± dravite, dolomite, fluorapatite, monazite, zircon, xenotime, gersdorffite, siegenite, millerite, Co-bearing pyrite, and galena. Talc-magnesite altered rock of the outer zone contains hematite, hydroxylphlogopite, hydroxylapatite, and violarite. Clusters of fluorapatite, monazite, zircon and xenotime are intergrown with aggregates of rutile replacing deformed plates of ilmenite; the crystals of these minerals have compromise growth surface with quartz and magnesite. Dominant zones of zircon crystals contain 1.4– 1.9 wt.% Hf and traces of U, Th, Y; zones enriched in U contain up to, wt.%: 3.8 U, 2.4 Hf, 1.4 Y, 0.8 Th, U/Th is 3–9. The composition of U-free and Th-poor (0.8–2.2 wt.% Th) monazite corresponds to the formula (Ce0.40–0.43La0.25–0.28Nd0.16–0.18Y0.02-0.05Pr0.03Sm0.02 Gd0.01Eu0.01Th0.01–0.02Са0.02)(P0.97–0.98Si0.01–0.03)O4. Cores of crystals of monazite are enriched in Y; the temperature of their crystallization estimated from the Gratz-Heinrich equation (Gratz and Heinrich, 1997) is ca. 450оC, while that of rims is ca. 300оC. The composition of Th-free U-poor (0.1–0.8 wt.% U) xenotime corresponds to the formula (Y0.71–0.74Dy0.05–0.06Gd0.04Er0.03Nd0.03Yb0.02–0.03 Eu0.01Tb0.01Ho0.01Lu0–0.01Са0–0.01)(P0.99–1 Si0.01)O4. In the fluorapatite-monazite-zircon-xenotime assemblage, U is concentrated in zircon; Th is concentrated in monazite and to less extent in zircon; LREE and most Y are concentrated in monazite-(Ce) that is predominant over xenotime; the latter is a carrier of HREE and partially Y; fluorapatite is nearly REE- and actinide-free. Thus, the high-temperature gumbeites was found at the northern Berezovsky deposit for the first time. читать далее...
Polycrystalline clusters of diamond from the Lomonosov deposit, Russia, p. 56 - 59
Polycrystalline aggregates of diamond from the Arkhangelsk pipe of the Lomonosov deposit have been studied with optical and scanning electron microscope, color cathode luminescence, and infrared Fourier spectroscopy. The diamonds were divided into two morphological and structural groups referred to VIII and IX varieties by the classification of Yu.L. Orlov (1984). There are diamond crystals with high N content among them, but N-poor crystals were also found. Unzoned and zoned polycrystalline clusters related to different stages of crystallization have been established. читать далее...
Authigenic gypsum in rocks at the bottom of Japan and Okhotsk seas, p. 60 - 67
Morphology of authigenic gypsum occurring at the surface of the Cenozoic rocks at the floor of Seas of Japan and Okhotsk is described. The mineral looks like unusual because of morphology of mineral aggregates, shape of crystals, and conditions of formation. The formation of this type gypsum was probably determined by high concentration of Ca2+ and SO42- in porous water of cristobalite-bearing rocks, lithostatic pressure, and temperature gradient between porous and sea water. Abundance of gypsum in the rocks at the slopes of submarine morphostructures of the Japan and Okhotsk Seas allows consideration of this region as a province of authigenic gypsum mineralization. читать далее...
Crystal Chemistry, Minerals as Prototypes of New Materials, Physical and Chemical Properties of Minerals
Morphological study of the means of accommodation of admixture atoms in the crystal structure of molybdenite, p. 69 - 79
Accommodation modes of trace elements were studied in molybdenite from porphyry copper, quartz veingreisen and other ore types by means of microprobe analysis (on a Camebax-microbeam) and morphological analysis of secondary-electron images (SEI, on a Jeol 6700F scanning electron microscope). Molybdenite is one of the main minerals concentrating Re. Our microprobe analysis do not show any differences in the Re distribution in molybdenite from deposits of different genetic types. Re concentrations above the detection limit (0.04–0.05 wt.%) were found only at 98 analytical spots of the analyzed 284 spots. These proportions practically do not change at Re concentrations in the specimens varying within the range of 80–1100 ppm. Analysis of the secondary-electron images makes it possible to identify structural defects of crystals in the examined specimens: splitting into thin sheets (0.05–0.50 µm thick), intense growth of dendrites and the development of screw, edge and other types of dislocations (1–6 µm in characteristic size). Hexagonal pits (negative crystals) geometrically corresponding to crystals of the hexagonal 2H molybdenite polytype testify that our specimens are dominated by this polytype, with triangular pits geometrically corresponding to crystals of the 3R trigonal (rhombohedral) polytype found very rarely. The accommodation modes of minor elements in the molybdenite structure are controlled first of all by structural defects and Re atoms are often concentrated at dislocations. читать далее...
Platinum and palladium sulfides in the crystallization products of melts in the Cu-Fe-S system, p. 80 - 85
To facilitate understanding conditions under which Pt and Pd sulfides were formed in Cu-Fe ores at magmatic CuNi deposits of the Norilsk type, the crystallization of these minerals was experimentally modeled by cooling (from 1200–1100°C to room temperature) melts corresponding to the central portion of the Cu-Fe-S system doped with Pt and Pd (1 wt.%). The synthesized Pt and Pd sulfides are analogues of naturally occurring minerals: malanite Cu(Pt,Fe)2S4, cooperite PtS, vysotskite PdS and braggite (Pt,Pd)S. Their crystallization field in the examined portion of the Cu-Fe-S system (50 at.% S, Cu/Fe = 1.22–0.25 and 45 at.% S, Cu/Fe = 1.44–0.69) corresponds to the crystallization field of phase associations with chalcopyrite CuFeS2 (Cu/Fe = 0.99–0.67), isocubanite CuFe2S3 (Cu/Fe = 0.61–0.48) and mooihoekite Cu9Fe9S16 (Cu/Fe = 1–0.95). The line of the bornite Cu5FeS4 – mooihoekite Cu9Fe9S16 – isocubanite CuFe2S3 separates the crystallization fields of Pt-Pd sulfides and Pt-Pd metallides. читать далее...
On the 150th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Vernadsky
Mineral systematics from V.I. Vernadsky till 21 century, p. 87 - 97
The article briefly reviews currently most widely accepted systematics of minerals that were developed in the 20th century by V.I. Vernadsky, J.D. Dana, A.G. Betekhtin, I.N. Kostov and G.P. Barsanov. A.A. Godovikov’s systematic (Godovikov, 1997) is described in more detail as one reflecting currently acknowledged concepts of relationships between the chemical composition of minerals and their structures and properties. The author considers the structure of a mineral at the level of not upper but middle or even lowermost mineralogical taxons, in close relations with the chemical composition and physicochemical parameters of mineralizing systems. The upper taxons, or mineral types, are distinguished according the type of the dominate chemical bond. The basis for recognizing lower taxons, down to mineral classes, is a classification of the chemical elements. In this context, the classifications of elements suggested by V.I. Vernadsky, A.E. Fersman, A.N. Zavaritsky, A.A. Godovikov are also debated. A.A. Godovikov has more deeply explored the concepts of similarities and differences in the properties of chemical elements to put forth a more detailed mineralogical-crystallochemical systematics of the chemical elements with regard for various properties of elements that are manifested depending on other elements simultaneously occurring in a compound and on physicochemical parameters of the system. A.A. Godovikov applied this classification to distinguish taxons of order lower than type. The criteria suggested for distinguishing taxons in A.A. Godovikov’s structural-chemical systematics of minerals are presented. читать далее...
Geochemical mineralogy by Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky and the present times, p. 98 - 112
The world generally believes that “the science of science” about natural matter – mineralogy – became obsolete and was replaced by the new science – geochemistry, by V.I. Vernadsky. This is not true. Geochemistry was and is never separated from mineralogy – its fundament. Geochemistry studies behaviour of chemical elements mainly within the minerals, which are the basic form of inorganic (lifeless) substance existence on the Earth conditions. It also studies redistribution of chemical elements between co-existing minerals and within the minerals, by variable conditions of mineral-forming medium during the mineral-forming processes. On the other hand, owing to V.I. Vernadsky, mineralogy became geochemical mineralogy, as it took in the ideas and methods of chemistry, which enables to determine chemical composition, structure and transformation of minerals during the certain geological processes in the Earth history. читать далее...
Vladimir I. Vernadsky and his role in resolution of challenges of nuclear energy utilization in Russia, p. 113 - 116
The article describes V.I. Vernadsky’s activity in the area of study of natural source of radioactive decay, prospective of practical use of energy of nuclear decay. Activity of Fedorovsky All-Russian Institute of Mineral Resources in the development of mineral resources for nuclear industry in Russia is explained. читать далее...
Mineralogical Museums and Collections
Works of Chinese stone-cutting art at Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences , p. 118 - 134
This article is the first publication about Chinese stone-cutting art in a collection of Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences. читать далее...
Diamond collection in the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences: short historical review , p. 135 - 140
Historical review on development of diamond collection of Fersman Mineralogical Museum is presented. Several chronological stages were outlined according to the history of exploration and study of new worlds diamondiferous provinces. Yu.L. Orlov's contribution to diamond studies and collection replenishment with diamond of various genesis and morphology was shown as well as his diamond classification. Several varieties of diamonds are described. читать далее...
New acquisitions to FersmanMineralogicalMuseum in 2011–2012, p. 141 - 155
Eight hundred and seventy-seven mineral specimens representing 488 mineral species from 59 countries, Antarctica, the oceanic floor, and space were catalogued into six collections of the main fund of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, during 2011 and 2012. Among them, 160 mineral species were previously absent in the museum collection. Eighty-five of the new species are represented by type specimens (holotypes, co-types, or their fragments) of which twenty-seven minerals species were discovered by Museum staff members or with their participation. Of the new specimens, 645 (74%) were donated by 151 private persons and 3 organizations, including 104 (85 species) type specimens. The museum staff collected 85 items (10%). One hundred and twelve specimens were exchanged. Three specimens were purchased. Thirty-two mineral specimens (4%) were documented from previous acquisitions. The new acquisitions are surveyed by mineral species, geography, type of entry, and donor. Lists of new mineral species and mineral species missing in the museum are given. читать далее...
Mineralogical Notes
Minerals-Giants of the South Urals, p. 157 - 162
Mineralogy of the South Urals has different variations. The set of deposits, which has been and is being mined for minerals in addition to the useful component do also often contain unique minerals, sometimes in the form of giant properly shaped crystals. The article presents information on the findings of such giants, according to the literature, on personal observations and on the oral reports of geologists. читать далее...